The Congressional Budget Office has crunched the numbers on income and federal taxes for 2011 and found: "In 2011, households in the highest quintile received an estimated 51.9 percent of before-tax income and paid 68.7 percent of federal taxes; households in the top 1 percent received 14.6 percent of before-tax income and paid 24.0 percent of federal taxes." The analysis included corporate income taxes (attributed to shareholders) and payroll taxes, but not estate or gift taxes.
As the Tax Foundation puts it, "federal taxes in the United States are progressive." By which they mean, the higher-income people pay higher rates.